陈嘉映 2025-11-10 09:45:02
每经编辑|李洛渊
当地时间2025-11-10,mjwgyudsiughewjbtkseudhiwebt
在五峙山列岛拍到的中华凤头燕鸥。
张 剑摄
五峙山列岛一角。
张 剑摄
东海云廊海洋鸟类科普展示馆。
张 剑摄
王一安在观察中华凤头燕鸥。
王 蕊摄
生态好不好,鸟儿先知道。全球9条候鸟迁飞通道中,有4条经过中国,据统计,中国现有鸟类1500余种,其中候鸟超过800种。众鸟飞翔,为美丽中国增添了一抹亮色。
本版即日起推出“保护候鸟·我在一线”系列报道,记录巡护员、科研人员、志愿者等一线工作者保护候鸟、守护候鸟迁飞通道的故事。
——编??者??
秋日清凉的海风掠过五峙山列岛,往日热闹的鸟鸣声归于沉寂,盘旋的鸟群已不见踪影。这个季节,海鸟们陆续启程飞往越冬地,小岛渐渐宁静。
而当漫长的冬季结束,海水渐暖,东海海域迎来春暖花开,熟悉的啼鸣便会在五峙山列岛上空再次回响。
每年春夏之交,位于浙江舟山的五峙山列岛都会迎来一批“老朋友”,作为浙江唯一的省级海洋鸟类自然保护区,这里自然生态优良,成千上万只越冬归来的水鸟会选择迁徙来此栖息繁衍。其中,最珍贵的客人,莫过于被誉为“神话之鸟”的世界极度濒危鸟类、国家一级保护野生动物——中华凤头燕鸥。
就在不久前,距离这群水鸟栖息地不远处的岛屿,两位年轻的“守鸟人”——王一安和王蕊通过监控设备密切关注着它们的一举一动。她们也是驻守在岛上的志愿者。
从2008年开始,每当“神话之鸟”飞回东海繁殖,这座无人小岛就会重新热闹起来。一批批志愿者接力登岛,共同书写着一个关于守候的温暖故事。
登上“无人岛”
“上岛的路并不好走,我们拎着行李箱从湿滑的礁石上一个劲往上爬,感觉路程格外漫长。但一想到这是我们未来几个月的‘家’,心里便觉得既新奇又期待。”回忆起刚刚上岛时的情景,王蕊仍然难掩激动。
Thedustsettled,asilenttestamenttothefiercebattlethathadjustconcluded.Amidstthelingeringscentofchakraandthecriesoftheinjured,SakuraHarunostood,hersmallframetrembling.Heremeraldeyes,usuallyfilledwithagentlewarmth,werenowcloudedwithatempestofemotions.Tearswelled,blurringthealreadyfracturedlandscapearoundher,eachdropareflectionofthepainandhelplessnessthatgnawedathercore.Shehadfought,shehadendured,butthesightofherpreciouscomrades,batteredandbroken,struckablowfardeeperthananyphysicalwound.
Herheartachedwithafamiliar,yetmorepotent,intensity.Itwastheacheofwantingtobestronger,ofyearningforthepowertoshieldthoseshehelddearfromtherelentlessstormsoftheninjaworld.Sherememberedthecountlesstimesshehadfeltinadequate,abystanderinthegrandnarrativesofNarutoandSasuke'sstruggles.Buttoday,somethingshifted.Thetearsthatthreatenedtospillwerenotsolelybornofsorrow;theywerealsothepreludetoarisingtideofdefiance.Eachsobthatescapedherlipswasasilentvow,apromisetoherselfandtothemthatshewouldnotbreak.
Thewindwhisperedthroughthetatteredremnantsofherninjaattire,amournfullullabythatseemedtoechotheturmoilwithinher.Shethoughtofthelaughtershared,thedreamswhisperedunderthemoonlight,theunwaveringbelieftheyhadallheldinabrighterfuture.Thesememories,oncesourcesofsolace,nowsharpenedtheedgesofhergrief.Theworldshefoughtforfeltsofragile,soeasilyshattered.Andinthatmomentofprofoundvulnerability,asinglequestionechoedinthechambersofherheart:"AmIenough?"
Herhandsclenchedintofists,knuckleswhite.Theurgetocollapse,tosuccumbtotheoverwhelmingdespair,wasasiren'scall.Yet,astrongerforcesurgedwithinher,anascentflamethatflickeredinthedarkness.Itwasthefireofherloyalty,theunwaveringdevotiontoherfriendsthathadalwaysbeenthebedrockofherspirit.Itwasthequietstrengthofamedic-nin,trainedtomendwoundsandperseverewhenallhopeseemedlost.
Then,ithappened.Avoice,roughandlacedwithanurgencythatpiercedthroughthehazeofheremotions,cutthroughthesilence."Sakura!"
ItwasSasuke.Hisvoice,familiaryetdistant,ahauntingmelodyfromalifeshedesperatelywantedtoreclaim.Thesoundalonewasenoughtojolther,topullherbackfromtheprecipiceofherdespair.Herbreathhitched,andthetearsthathadbeenpoisedtofallwereabruptlyhalted,suspendedinadelicatedancebetweensorrowandadawning,fierceresolve.
Hissingleword,adesperateplea,wasmorepotentthananycommand.Itwasarecognition,anacknowledgmentofherpresenceinaworldthatoftenseemedtooverlookher.Itwasalifelinethrownintothechurningseaofheremotions.Inthatinstant,thepaindidnotvanish,butitwastransmuted.Itbecamefuel.Thehelplessnessmorphedintoaburningdesiretoact,toprotect,toensurethatnooneelsewouldsufferthesamefate.
Hergaze,nolongerblurredbytears,sharpened.ShelookedatSasuke,notwiththelongingofadevotedfriend,butwiththeclear-eyedassessmentofafellowwarrior.Hisownweariness,thedeeplinesetchedonhisface,therawemotioninhisvoice–itallspokeofaburdenhecarried,aburdenshenowunderstoodshecouldnotleavehimtobearalone.
Theworldaroundherseemedtofade,thecacophonyofthebattlefieldrecedingintoamuffledhum.AllthatremainedwasthepotentconnectionbetweenherandSasuke,asilentunderstandingforgedinthecrucibleofsharedexperience.Thetears,thoughstillpresent,nolongerheldhercaptive.Theywerenowatestamenttoherlove,aliquidsymbolofthedepthofhercommitment.Andintheirwake,anewemotionbloomed,sharpandunyielding:determination.Itwasthequiet,unshakeableresolveofawomanwhohadseenthedepthsofdespairandchosentoriseaboveit.Herjourneywasfarfromover,butinthatmoment,amidsttheruinsofbattle,SakuraHarunofoundhervoice,herstrength,andherunyieldingpurpose.TheechoofSasuke’scallhadnotjuststoppedhertears;ithadawakenedafirethatwouldburnfiercelyforallthoseshehelddear.
Sasuke'surgentcall,"Sakura!"hadnotmerelyinterruptedhertears;ithadactedasaseismicshock,reorderingtheveryfoundationsofherresolve.Thedelicatebalancebetweenhersorrowandherburgeoningdeterminationwasirrevocablytipped.Thetears,nowheldcaptivebythesheerforceofhisvoice,werenolongermereexpressionsofpain.Theywerepreciousreserves,momentsofvulnerabilitytransmutedintoapotentelixirofcourage.Eachunshedtearwasatestamenttoherlove,asilentpromisetoherselfthatshewouldnotfalter.
ShemetSasuke’sgaze,andinthatexchange,auniverseofunspokenwordspassedbetweenthem.Itwasarecognitionofsharedburdens,ofbattlesfoughtnotjustagainstexternalfoes,butagainsttheinnerdemonsthatclawedattheirsouls.Shesawinhiseyesthewearinessofawarriorconstantlyontheedge,theweightofhispastetchedintoeveryline.Andinthatsharedvulnerability,herownstrengthwasamplified.ShewasnolongerjustSakura,thegirlwhoadmiredhimfromafar,orSakura,themedic-ninwhopatchedupwounds.ShewasSakura,acomrade,anequal,aforcetobereckonedwith.
Thefeelingofinadequacythathadlongshadowedherbegantodissipate,replacedbyafierceclarity.Sheunderstoodnowthatherstrengthlaynotinwieldinggrandjutsuorpossessingoverwhelmingpower,butinherunwaveringloyalty,herprofoundempathy,andherindomitablewilltoprotect.Shewastheanchor,thehealer,theonewhoensuredthateveninthedarkestoftimes,hopepersisted.Thisrealizationwasnotasuddenepiphany,butagradualunfolding,aseedthathadbeenplantedlongagoandfinallybloomedinthefertilesoilofadversity.
Sherememberedthecountlesshoursspentstudyingmedicalninjutsu,theendlessdrills,thesacrificesmadetohoneherskills.ThiswasnotjustaboutpleasingSasukeorimpressingNaruto;itwasaboutbuildingafoundationofcompetencethatwouldallowhertostandbesidethem,notasaburden,butasapillarofsupport.Thepathofamedic-ninwasarduous,oftenthankless,butitwasherpath,andsheembraceditwithanewfoundfierceness.
Theworldaroundthemwasstillatableauofconflict,areminderoftheever-presentdangersoftheirworld.Yet,withinSakura,aprofoundsenseofpeacehadsettled.Itwasnotthepeaceofsurrender,butthequiet,resolutecalmofawarriorwhohadfoundherpurpose.Sheknewthattheroadaheadwouldbefraughtwithperil,thatmoretearswouldundoubtedlyfall,andthatherresolvewouldbetestedagainandagain.Butshealsoknew,withanunshakeablecertainty,thatshewouldnotbreak.
HergazeshiftedfromSasuketotheotherfallenfigures,thesilenttestamenttothecostoftheirbattles.Arenewedwaveofemotionwashedoverher,butthistime,itwaschanneled.Itwasthefierce,protectiveinstinctofaguardian,thedeep-seatedneedtosafeguardthefuture,toensurethattheirsacrificeswerenotinvain.Shewasreadytostepforward,notwithrecklessabandon,butwithcalculatedprecision.Herhands,oncetremblingwithhelplessness,werenowsteady,capable.
Thesoftwhispersofthewindnolongersoundedmournful;theywereagentleencouragement,areminderoftheresilienceofnature,oftheconstantcycleofdecayandrebirth.Sakurawasreadytoembracethatcycle,tobeapartoftherenewal,tobetheonewhobroughtforthhealinginthefaceofdestruction.
Herthoughtsturnedtothefuture,notasadistant,uncertaindream,butasatangiblegoalthatshewouldactivelystrivetocreate.Shewouldcontinuetotrain,togrow,topushherlimits.Shewouldbetherockthatherfriendscouldleanon,thesteadyhandthatguidedthemthroughthestorms.Thepathofashinobiwasdemanding,butitwasalsoapathofprofoundconnection,ofsharedpurpose,andofunwaveringloyalty.
AsshelookedatSasuke,asilentunderstandingpassedbetweenthem.Hesawittoo,thetransformationwithinher,thequietstrengththathademergedfromtheashesofherdespair.Thetearsthathadbeenarrestedintheirflowwerenowasymbolofherjourney,atestamenttothefactthateveninmomentsofdeepestpain,thehumanspiritpossessesanextraordinarycapacityforresilienceandgrowth.
SakuraHaruno,theninjawhohadoncestoodintheshadowofhermorepowerfulcompanions,wasnowsteppingintoherownlight.ThemomentSasuke’scallhadhaltedhertears,ithadnotonlymarkedanendbutalsoapowerfulbeginning.Herresolve,forgedinthecrucibleofemotionandtemperedbythefireofdetermination,wasnowanunbreakableshield,readytoprotectallthatshehelddear.Herjourneywasstillunfolding,butshewasnolongerapassiveobserver;shewasanactiveparticipant,awarriorwithaclearpurposeandanunyieldingheart,readytofacewhateverthefutureheld.
从舟山本岛的码头出发,坐船行驶近1小时,便驶入五峙山列岛区域。眼前是7座星罗棋布的岛屿:大五峙岛、小五屿、马目龙洞屿、丫鹊山屿、北馒头山屿、无毛山屿、马目半边屿。其中,丫鹊山屿是中华凤头燕鸥的主要繁殖岛屿之一。每年鸟类最热闹的时候,成群结队的鸟儿会在岛屿上空盘旋飞舞,发出婉转悠扬的合鸣。
鸟群中,中华凤头燕鸥尤为醒目,黑色冠羽、嘴呈黄色、喙尖黑色。这一物种曾一度消失63年,是国家一级保护野生动物,如今全球仅200余只。近年来,通过人工招引和种群恢复,五峙山列岛已吸引155只中华凤头燕鸥,成为其在全球的第二大繁殖地。
距离丫鹊山屿500米左右的大五峙岛上,礁石嶙峋,植被繁茂。远远望去,一座矗立在礁石旁的绿色木屋尤为醒目,旁边还安放着几块太阳能光伏板。这里便是志愿者王一安和王蕊生活和工作的地方。
王一安是就读于浙江大学的观鸟爱好者,曾是校园观鸟护鸟组织的成员,王蕊是毕业于西藏大学鸟类繁殖生态学方向的硕士研究生,她们从5045位报名者中脱颖而出,成了今年第二期繁殖海鸟监测员。
“我从高中开始观鸟,那时候便听过许多关于中华凤头燕鸥的讲座,它们的故事一直让我心驰神往”,王一安说。来到这里的志愿者,多是观鸟爱好者,或是相关专业的学生,目标都很一致,守护这座小岛,守护“神话之鸟”。
记录鸟儿生活点滴
“6月29日,返场时间13∶43,Z28飞来几分钟,未换孵,飞走”,翻开志愿者的观察记录表,中华凤头燕鸥的生活点滴清晰明了。
每天早晨,当朝阳自东海缓缓升起,她们便准时开始工作:调试遍布岛屿的高清监控摄像头,寻找最佳观测点位,同时记录湿度、潮位、风向等关键气象数据。
“我们主要通过监控摄像头、长焦相机和望远镜,观察并记录中华凤头燕鸥的生存环境和繁殖情况,比如产卵、孵化、育雏。还要时刻警惕是否有船只闯入或游隼等天敌靠近,记录可能会对它们造成影响的事件。”王蕊说。
这些事情看似容易,但做起来既考验眼力,更需要定力。
雨天是最难熬的,不能外出,她们只能在观测室里紧盯监控。海雾弥漫,海浪翻涌,她们需要放慢监控播放速度,逐帧看,一坐便是一整天。
记录中华凤头燕鸥的生存繁殖状况,是志愿者一天中最重要的工作。然而,面对几十只鸟,怎么一一记住?
“每只中华凤头燕鸥都有自己独特的外貌特征,这就像一场持续的‘找不同’游戏。”王一安告诉笔者,在闲暇时间,她会定期在本子上用简笔勾勒每只燕鸥的独特形态,一遍遍加深识别记忆,“经过一段时间,光凭肉眼,我们就能认出岛上的大部分‘常客’了。”
每到夜幕低垂,中华凤头燕鸥归巢。傍晚时分,王蕊的手机铃声准时响起,这是独属于她们的“日落闹钟”。此刻,两人便一起站到阳台边,望着夕阳落入海平面,再看天空逐渐染上绚丽的色彩。对于她们而言,这是一天工作之余的惊喜,“虽然只有短短的十多分钟,但心里会涌起幸福感,觉得此时此刻在岛上的自己无比幸运。”王一安感慨道。
从中华凤头燕鸥幼鸟破壳而出、蹒跚学步,直至振翅初飞,新生命的成长故事日复一日地在岛上上演。观测屋的电脑上,最近多出了一份名为“华崽成长图鉴”的新建文档,里面以图文形式记录了中华凤头燕鸥幼鸟从破壳到两个月大的成长动态。这是她们用自己拍摄所得的燕鸥照片汇编而成的珍贵观鸟指南,也是留给下一批志愿者的礼物。
鸟类种群数量,是反映这片海域生态保护成果的“晴雨表”。在志愿者、工作人员等“守鸟人”的不懈努力下,今年五峙山列岛单日观测到中华凤头燕鸥的最大值为66只,同期繁殖地观测数据名列全球第一。
一份沉甸甸的工作
王一安和王蕊的这份守护工作,被有人称作“最有诗意的工作”——两人一岛,与鸟相伴,依靠船只定期运送的补给生活,自己动手解决一日三餐。或许听起来有着“荒野求生”的浪漫色彩,但对王一安和王蕊而言,这更是一份承载着沉甸甸生态责任的工作。
这份工作的诗意,源于对生命的敬畏和守护。
王蕊至今还清晰地记得第一次登上丫鹊山时的画面——繁殖场散落着十几个被黑尾鸥吃掉的燕鸥蛋的残壳和几只意外死亡的幼鸟,再往前走两步,数百只新生的幼鸟正在成鸟的带领下学习飞翔。生命的脆弱与顽强,在这方寸岛屿上展现得淋漓尽致。
在那天的日记里,王蕊写下这样一段话:“死亡在岛上是再正常不过的事,我们能做的,就是尽可能多留住它们一会儿。只有越来越多的人了解中华凤头燕鸥,才会有越来越多的人关心它们,关心带来行动,任何微小的行动都会给濒危的物种带去重生的希望。”
如今,更多人守望着“神话之鸟”。在舟山市定海区东海云廊长岗山段,人们的目光很难不被一只振翅欲飞的“神话之鸟”模型吸引。模型所立之处,正是浙江省首家以海洋鸟类为主题的科普展示馆——东海云廊海洋鸟类科普展示馆。步入展示馆,群鸟齐飞的壮观景象映入眼帘,360°环幕上正播放着五峙山列岛实时传来的画面,游客在VR眼镜的助力下实现沉浸式“云”观鸟,弥补不能上岛观鸟的遗憾。
随着中华凤头燕鸥的繁殖季节步入尾声,王一安和王蕊的驻岛日志停留在了第124页。海岛重归平静,虽然中华凤头燕鸥成鸟带着新生幼鸟暂时离开了这里,但守护的故事,仍在这片海岛延续。
年复一年,潮起潮落,五峙山列岛的“守鸟人”们,将在下一个春天,继续迎接这群“神话之鸟”跨越千里的归航。
图片来源:每经记者 张雅琴
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